Iron and Manganese Removal – Focal Points

MODULE A: PRINCIPLE, STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

CONCEPT: PRINCIPLE OF IRON & MANGANESE REMOVAL

1. Identify the characteristics of an atom, an element, and a compound. 2. Define an ion, anion, and a cation. 3. Explain where iron and manganese are found, and how they getinto water. 4. Discuss problems associated with water containing high concentrations of iron and manganese. 5. Describe different methods used to control iron and manganeseproblems. 6. Define coagulation, flocculation and sedimentation. 7. Identify concentrations at which iron and manganese begin topose problems. 8. Compare primary versus secondary contaminate levels. 9. Define oxidation reaction as related to iron and manganese. 10. Differentiate between ferrous and ferric iron, and bivalentand quadrivalent manganese.

CONCEPT: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION

11. Discuss the common types of Iron Removal systems that utilizeoxidation. 12. Discuss the methods of oxidizing iron and manganese. 13. Draw a line diagram of a pressure aeration filtration systemfor iron and manganese removal. 14. Draw a line diagram of an open air aeration system for ironand manganese removal. 15. Sketch a typical pressure filtration unit. 16. Define the following filtration process unit parts.

A.  Compressor G. Loss of Head Gauges

B.  Aerator/Atomerator H. Air Relief Valve

C.  Rate of flow Controller I. Surface Wash System

D.  Media J. Air Scour System

E.  Gravel Support Bed K. Raw & Finished Water Sampling

F.  Underdrain System Taps

17. Explain the need for freeboard space in a filter.

MODULE B: OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE

CONCEPT: OPERATION

18. Explain the normal operation and backwashing of a pressurefiltration unit. 19. Explain the normal operation and backwashing of a gravityfiltration unit. 20. Identify different types of media used in pressure andgravity filters. 21. Discuss suitable numerical values for filter flow rates and headloss. 22. Describe the backwashing process. 23. Discuss suitable backwashing rates, and explain why backwashrates vary according to media used. 24. Explain how to determine when a filter must be backwashed. 25. Discuss the disposal of backwash wastes from a filter unit.

CONCEPT: MAINTENANCE

26. Summarize the storage of filtration units. 27. Prepare a calendar of maintenance events that should beroutinely performed.

MODULE C: MONITORING AND TROUBLESHOOTING

CONCEPT: MONITORING

28. Describe iron and manganese related bacteria. 29. Discuss the laboratory tests used for process control foriron/manganese removal systems. 30. Discuss the monitoring frequency for the laboratory testsperformed on iron and manganese removal systems.

CONCEPT: TROUBLESHOOTING

31. Explain the cause of mud balls, and provide a solution to theproblem. 32. Explain the cause of loss of media, and provide a solution tothe problem. 33. Explain the cause of channeling in the media, and provide asolution to the problem. 34. Explain the cause of air binding in a gravity filter, andprovide a solution to the problem. 35. Explain the cause of increased media thickness, and provide asolution to the problem. 36. Explain the cause of increased poor iron removal, and providea solution to the problem. 37. Explain the cause of white water, and provide a solution tothe problem. 38. Explain the cause of iron/manganese bacteria in the filtermedia, and provide a solution to the problem.

MODULE D: SAFETY AND CALCULATIONS

CONCEPT: SAFETY

39. Describe safety problems when repair work is required atIron/Manganese Removal plants.

CONCEPT: CALCULATIONS

40. Given data, calculate the percent removal of iron. 41. Given data, calculate the pounds of chlorine used per day.